How the metrics work

All metrics on this platform are built on a single base value: each player's share of the total available minutes in the season so far (games played × 90 min). This makes comparisons consistent regardless of how far the season has progressed — a player who has played every minute scores 100%, one who has not featured scores 0%. Playing time is used as a weighting factor throughout: players who are actually on the pitch drive the numbers, not those sitting in the stands.

Before any squad metric can be computed, players need to be categorised. Three age brackets are used, following established football analytics conventions. Every metric that references Youth, Peak, or Senior draws from these definitions:

With playing time and age groups defined, the most direct squad descriptor is the average age. It is calculated as the unweighted mean of all active players for whom an age is available. Players who have left the club during the season are excluded. No minutes weighting is applied — every player counts equally, giving a clean read of the squad's overall age profile independent of deployment.

Average age tells you where the squad sits on the age spectrum, but not how the playing time is distributed across it. Peak Share addresses this: it measures what fraction of the squad's total minutes was contributed by players in the Peak bracket (24–29). A high value means the players at the statistical height of their careers are also the ones driving results on the pitch.

Beyond age, continuity within the club matters. A player is considered established once they have been at the club for at least one year. Established Share applies the same logic as Peak Share — it measures what fraction of total minutes comes from established players. This captures how much of the squad's output relies on players who already know the system, the staff, and their teammates.

The Squad Age Breakdown chart puts the age group definitions and playing time together in one view. Two stacked bars show the Youth / Peak / Senior split — one bar for playing time share, one for squad slot share. Comparing the two bars reveals whether a club's on-pitch output is driven by the same age group that dominates the roster, or whether there is a gap between squad depth and actual deployment.

Where Squad Age Breakdown shows the age structure, Squad Consistency focuses on tenure. Using the established criterion defined above, two stacked bars split the squad into New (< 1 year) and Established (> 1 year) — once for playing time, once for squad slots. High consistency signals a stable, well-drilled group. Low consistency reflects heavy turnover or an ongoing rebuild.

The Lifecycle Phase combines two independent axes into a single label. Each phase has a distinct position in the squad development cycle: Rebuilding → Rising → Prime → Peak → Declining → Transitional → Rebuilding … All shares are calculated from playing time (minutes). If no minutes data is available, headcount share is used as a fallback. Edge case: if Senior Share = 0%, the Y/S Ratio is undefined. In this case the ratio defaults to > 1.2 (rejuvenating), since a squad with no senior players is by definition youth-dominated.

All player data — age, age at joining, and playing time — is sourced from Transfermarkt. Playing time covers competitive league fixtures of the current season only. Players who have left the club during the season are excluded from all metrics. The timestamp in the footer of each club page indicates when the data was last imported. As values are entered manually, individual entries may contain transfer errors.